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What is the Supply Network Structure for Colombian Raw Common Coffee Beans?
Small growers sell their coffee either to cooperatives or middlemen, who are individuals or companies located in villas near coffee-producing regions who then sell coffee to exporters. Middle and or large-size growers tend to be on long-term contracts with multinational companies. The overall coffee supply chain and coffee-related activities from production to export in Colombia are overseen by a highly centralized governing body, the Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia (FNC).
Which Countries Are the Main Destinations for Colombian Coffee Exports?
According to data from Colombia's Federación de Cafeteros (FNC), the country exported 10,373,920 of 60kg green coffee bags and an equivalent of 1,034,321 60kg bags of processed coffee. The total value for both products was USD 3.48 billion.
Based on the export volumes of 2022, the main export destinations of Colombian coffee: are the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, Belgium, Korea, Spain, UK, China, and Italy.
Source: FNC, obtained from Dirección de Investigaciones Económicas FNC
Where Are the Main Producing Regions of Colombian Raw Coffee Bean and their Seasonality?
Coffee-producing regions in Colombia can largely be divided into North, Central, and South regions. There are over 540,000 small-family-owned coffee farms in 23 departments, which account for ~69% of the total coffee production in Colombia.
Among the 23 departments, Antioquia (14%), Cauca (11%), Huila (17%), and Tolima (13%) are the four largest producing regions. While coffee is produced all year round in Colombia, there are two main peak harvest seasons from March to June and from September to December. The latter peak season, September to December, is considered to be a bigger harvest season. However, the crop's harvest volume fluctuates with weather conditions during the flowering stage of the crop prior to harvest.
What Are the Key Varieties of Colombian Raw Coffee Beans?
According to Cenicafe, the main types of coffee produced in the world are Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee. Nevertheless, Colombia only produces Arabica coffee which produces a soft drink, which has the best prices and is more widely accepted globally. Moreover, the varieties of Arabica coffee that are sown in Colombia are Tipica, Bourbon, Maragogipe, Tabi, Caturra, and Colombia variety.
What Are Some of the Necessary Steps in the Colombian Coffee Export Process?
What Are the Required Documents to Export Colombian Coffee?
To export small quantities of Colombian coffee, after the registration at the FNC and preliminary processes and payments, here are some of the documents needed:
1. FNC portal documents, which include proof of payments, certificate of liquidation, and weight certificate.
2. Other certificates, some of which depend on the export destination.
ICO certificates (Certificate of Origin)
Quality certificate (emitted by Almacafe, part of the FNC)
ICA or INVIMA certificates (sanitary)
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